Nina Shah, MD, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, discusses an analysis that compared efficacy outcomes seen in the MAMMOTH study, a retrospective observational study of conventional care regimens, and the KarMMA trial (NCT03361748) of the BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell therapy idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel), both in triple-class refractory multiple myeloma patients. The analysis used matching-adjusted indirect comparisons to assess the efficacy of ide-cel and conventional care. The results showed that, in a matched population, ide-cel treatment was associated with a significantly higher overall response rate (ORR) than conventional care. Progression free survival and overall survival were also higher in the ide-cel cohort. When looking in isolation at conventional care patients who received targeted therapies, the superiority of ide-cel still remained. This interview took place during the 62nd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition, 2020.