Muzaffar Qazilbash, MD, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, discusses the benefits of using busulfan plus melphalan compared to melphalan alone as a conditioning treatment for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for high-risk multiple myeloma patients. The use of IV busulfan, pharmacokinetic monitoring, and dose adjustments has improved the safety of busulfan use compared to prior trials. The median progression-free survival among patients being treated with busulfan plus melphalan was 20 months longer than that of those being treated with melphalan alone. Dr Qazilbash also discusses the increased toxicity risks of using busulfan plus melphalan compared to melphalan alone. This interview took place during the 7th World Congress on Controversies in Multiple Myeloma (COMy), 2021.