With anemia and transfusion dependence representing a large burden on quality of life (QoL), it’s not a surprise erythropoietic growth factors (ESAs) are being used for lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in many countries. In this video, Valeria Santini, MD, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, discusses erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) and other growth factors for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). This interview took place during the 2021 European School of Hematology (ESH) 7th Translational Research E-Conference on Myelodysplastic Syndromes.