Muzaffar Qazilbash, MD, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, discusses how autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has evolved in recent decades and what direction he thinks future research will take. Dr Qazilbash emphasizes that ASCT is still an integral part of multiple myeloma treatment. He also compares the effectiveness of upfront ASCT with delayed ASCT and concludes that overall survival is the same for both. Future clinical trials must show that emerging treatments such as immunotherapies and cellular therapies are associated with better outcomes than ASCT before it can be said that ASCT is not needed. This interview took place during the 7th World Congress on Controversies in Multiple Myeloma (COMy), 2021.