Nicholas Chiorazzi, MD, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, discusses the potential role of the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) enzyme in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Upregulation of AID enzymes within B-cells in response to foreign bodies such as viruses produces mutations in the antigen binding site of antibodies. Dr Chiorazzi reports on work which found that antibody gene mutations produced after CLL cancer transformation differed drastically to normal AID-induced mutations. This suggests that in CLL, either AID function is altered, or a different genetic mutational mechanism is activated to produce pro-cancer mutations. Further work clarifying the role of AID in pro-cancer CLL mutations is required. This interview was conducted during the 2021 virtual international workshop on CLL (iwCLL).