Mehran Karimi, MD, Hematology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, comments on the use and long-term safety and efficacy of hydroxyurea in patients with non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia, highlighting the mechanism of action of this drug. This interview took place at the 30th Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) 2022 held in London, UK.