V. Koneti Rao, MD, FRCPA, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD discusses the importance of taking a patient’s personal and family history to aid in the diagnosis of hematological malignancies. Dr Rao comments on the use of next generation sequencing (NGS)-based gene panel tests and exome sequencing to identify defects in specific genes. This interview took place at the European Hematology Association (EHA) Congress 2022 held in Vienna, Austria.