Sandra Kurtin, PhD, ACNP-BC, AOCN, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, highlights the importance of understanding the molecular underpinnings of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and other myeloid malignancies, such as myeloproliferative neoplasms and acute myeloid leukemia, as well as commenting on their significance in the design of new treatments. Dr Kurtin also explains how the bone marrow and its microenvironment might have a predictive value. This interview took place at the 16th International Congress on Myelodysplastic Syndromes, held virtually in 2021.