Arnon Nagler, MD, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel, discusses how understanding disease biology is crucial for the development of new targeted therapies. Prof. Nagler outlines that specific mutations were discovered in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); these were P53 and MP1. Additionally, other aspects of biology are important for drug development as well, such as the role of the microenvironment. This interview took place during the 2020 Annual Meeting of the International Academy for Clinical Hematology (IACH).