Anne Tierens, MD, PhD, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada, discusses the integrated approaches used for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and how this impacts treatment decisions. Antigen expression profiles and molecular genetics have been extremely valuable when diagnosing different phases of the disease and flow cytometry is helpful in identifying the expression of monocytes from clonal processes. This interview took place at the 16th International Congress on Myelodysplastic Syndromes, held virtually in 2021.