Treatment of anemia in lower-risk MDS remains an unmet medical need. Here, Alan List, MD, of Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, presents the results of the Phase III MEDALIST trial (NCT02631070), which investigated luspatercept for the treatment of anemia in patients with very low, low, or intermediate risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) who require red blood cell transfusions. Treatment with luspatercept resulted in a significantly reduced transfusion burden compared with the placebo, and was generally well tolerated. This video was recorded at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) 2018 Annual Meeting and Exposition in San Diego, CA.