Paolo Ghia, MD, PhD from the San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy discusses subsequent treatment options for patients with leukemia who fail first, second and third-line novel inhibitor therapy. Allogeneic transplantation is only available for a minority number of patients as it requires eligibility. Moreover, CAR-T cell therapy is also not ideal as it is being proven to be complicated and inefficient, and therefore is very rarely available in centers. The prognosis for patients who have undergone prior lines of chemo-immunotherapy and subsequently fail inhibitor therapy is not good and more research is required to develop therapies for these patients. Recorded at the European Hematology Association (EHA) 2017 Annual Congress in Madrid, Spain.