Andreas E. Kulozik, MD, PhD, Hopp-Children’s Cancer Research Center (KiTZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, gives an overview of the pathophysiology of thalassemia. Mutations in the gene encoding the beta-globin chain lead to the production of abnormal red blood cells as well as the formation of insoluble alpha-globin chain aggregates ultimately resulting in severe anemia, which can be treated with blood transfusions. This interview took place at the Transplantation & Cellular Therapy (TCT) Meetings of ASTCT™ and CIBMTR® 2022 in Salt Lake City, Utah.