Shahram Kordasti, MSc, MD, PhD, King’s College London, London, UK, discusses the use of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Dr Kordasti explains that commonly used immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are not effective in the treatment of MDS because most immunogenic clones are destroyed by the immune system and remaining clones develop mechanisms to evade immune responses. Nevertheless, the combination of existing therapies with newer immune checkpoint blockade therapies including TIM-3 appears to be a promising strategy for MDS as it may help kill malignant cells expressing this molecule. This interview took place at the 16th International Congress on Myelodysplastic Syndromes, held virtually in 2021.