Saad Usmani, MD, FACP, from the Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, discusses the management of the rare myeloma plasma cell leukemia at the 2017 World Congress on Controversies in Multiple Myeloma (COMy) in Paris, France. He outlines the definition of plasma cell leukemia, and highlights that there is a very poor prognosis. Dr Usmani speaks about results of studies using new techniques including cytogenetic profiling, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and gene mutation panel analysis, with the aim of devising new treatment regiments. He introduces ongoing plasma cell leukemia clinical trials, and discusses the design and some of the results of these.